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Share Guide: In your last book, Eating Well for Optimum
Health, you said the Mediterranean Diet was one of the most healthy
ways of eating. I just read The Okinawa Program, and I'm
wondering how you compare that the Mediterranean diet to the Okinawan
diet.
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think that there are principles of the
Okinawan diet that I would incorporate into an optimum diet, such as
the inclusion of tofu and omega 3 fatty acid sources and vegetables,
but I think that there are a lot of strange foods that prevent it from
being easily adaptable to Western tastes. The Okinawan diet is very
different from the Japanese diet. It includes much more tofu, more
pork, more fat, and much less salt. It's a little more like Chinese
food than Japanese food--but it still has a lot of fish, an enormous
variety of vegetables and fruits, and a lot of seaweed. They also eat
some very unusual things, such as bitter melon, which regulates blood
sugar. They drink turmeric tea. Turmeric is a very powerful
antioxidant. The advantage of the Mediterranean diet is that you are
adhering to the same general principles, lots of vegetables, omega 3
good fats and so forth, plus it's a diet that most people in the U.S.
would like; it is very easily adaptable to different cultures.
Share Guide: So you discuss the Mediterranean diet more in
your books because you think it fits in more with our American culture.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yes, absolutely. It is generally more
adaptable.
Share Guide: Many nutrition books these days talk about the
necessity of balancing carbohydrates with protein. They say that
especially if you are trying to lose weight, you shouldn't eat carbs by
themselves. What do you think about this?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think that is less important than what kinds
of carbohydrates you are eating. I think that the really important
thing is to become familiar with which kinds of carbohydrates are
likely to promote weight gain in susceptible people (which is not
everyone). The highly refined processed carbohydrate foods are what can
be a problem, especially most of the forms of bread and snack foods we
encounter in America.
Share Guide: We do have a bakery here locally that I think
is a blessing, Alvarado St. Bakery. They make a sprouted grain type
bread with no flour, which is what I eat.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Oh yes, I know it well. Good choice--you want
grainy, chewy bread.
Share Guide: I've noticed that even whole-wheat pita bread
is similar to white bread.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Most people think that whole wheat bread is
Roman Meal, which is basically colored white bread.
Share Guide: How important do you think it is to eat
protein at breakfast?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think it is more important to eat some
carbohydrates at breakfast, because the brain needs fuel right away,
and carbohydrate is the best source. But it is a good idea to eat a
combination of carbohydrates and protein at breakfast. Maybe some
fruit, and whole grain bread and some protein, whether that's cheese,
tofu, or something like that. So that is what I do; I eat a mix of
protein and carbohydrate at breakfast.
Share Guide: If you try to watch your carbohydrate intake
and also fat and cholesterol, this rules out a lot of traditional
breakfast foods. What do you recommend as healthy breakfast choices?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I never liked traditional American breakfasts,
even growing up as a kid. A lot of it--things like pancakes, waffles,
sweet rolls--makes me feel terrible if I eat it. I like to have some
fruit at breakfast, and some kind of soy food like scrambled tofu. If I
am on the road, I might get some fish, something like smoked salmon. I
like to eat dried fruit. I might occasionally have some cheese.
Share Guide: For me, I don't tend to get hungry until
lunchtime. For breakfast I usually just have a big glass of fresh
squeezed orange juice and a cup of green tea.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Is your energy good and mind clear? Everybody
is different, so I don't really think there are general rules here.
Share Guide: Yes, my energy is good, but I've felt a little
guilty about not being hungry at breakfast, because everyone says it's
an important meal, but I just don't feel like eating then.
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think you should pay attention to your body.
The point is everybody is different. You have to figure out what works
for you.
Share Guide: Kathleen Day Masons, author of Potatoes
not Prozac and also The Sugar Addict's Total Recovery Program,
is a proponent of baked potatoes before bed. She says that this helps
raise seratonin levels, improves mood and reduces sugar cravings. What
do you think about this?
Dr. Andrew Weil: This is based on the work of a woman named
Judith Workman at MIT, who talks about how the foods we eat at bedtime
can affect the neurotransmitters in the brain. The argument is that if
you eat protein foods before bed, this will increase the stimulant
neurotransmitters and keep you awake, whereas if you eat carbohydrate,
it increases the seratonins and puts you to sleep. On the other hand,
look at how many people drink a glass of warm milk before bedtime and
fall asleep just fine. Again, I think everybody is different and I am
not so sure there are general rules like this. For people who are
carbohydrate sensitive, a baked potato may not be the best choice.
Share Guide: I've always heard that you should not eat
anything close to bedtime.
Dr. Andrew Weil: And that's right. Again, I think you've got to
experiment to figure out what works.
Share Guide: In your last book, Eating Well for Optimum
Health, you mentioned that you don't put a lot of merit into the
Eat Right for Your Type diet, by Dr D'Adomo. Can you explain this?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I have not seen any scientific evidence or a
correlation between blood type and dietary requirements. Also, I don't
see any evidence for his argument that different blood types evolved in
different parts of the world. But I have met a number of individuals
that have said that they followed this advice and feel good on it. My
interpretation of that is almost anything that people do in terms of
changing diet in order to improve their health is going to make them
feel better. I think mostly as a result of a mind-body effect of doing
it.
Share Guide: In your tape set, you mention that your
personal diet is lacto-pesco vegetarian. So you do eat dairy and fish?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I eat dairy, mostly in the form of good
quality natural cheeses, and I eat fish, mostly salmon or sardines. I
eat fish mostly when I am dining out, maybe two or three times a week.
Share Guide: Let's talk more about the lacto-pesco
vegetarian diet.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Somebody just suggested to me that maybe a
better name for this is "vegaquarian."
Share Guide: I like that. Do you use eggs?
Dr. Weil: I don't keep them in the house and I don't
cook with them. If I am out on the road I will occasionally eat eggs if
I can't get anything else for breakfast--or I'll eat things
occasionally with eggs in them. But that's because I don't like eggs;
it's just a personal taste.
Share Guide: How do you feel about shrimp?
Dr. Weil: You know, I never ate shellfish much, but
quite recently I started eating shrimp because it was something that I
craved. I believe in following my cravings, so I occasionally eat
shrimp nowadays. They taste good to me. I can't say why that change
occurred.
Share Guide: I love salmon, it's my favorite fish. For the
last month or two I have been craving shrimp more and wondering if I
was blowing it, because they are bottom feeders and the oceans are
polluted.
Dr. Weil: Very interesting, I've felt the same. Lately,
I have been eating shrimp occassionally.
Share Guide: I did notice at Whole Foods that they have
shrimp that they say is from clean waters. That's wonderful, but I
wonder how that's possible. Is the water really clean anywhere?
Dr. Weil: That's a major concern. It would be good to
ask them where their shrimp are from.
Share Guide: I read in your book that your little girl is a
vegetarian.
Dr. Weil: Yes. Diana just turned 10. At about age 3, I
think, she stopped eating meat. She was eating fish for a while, which
I was happy about. Then she stopped eating fish because she said that
she liked the fishies. She's pretty strict. She's a
lacto-ovo-vegetarian. She doesn't go overboard on eggs, but she eats
eggs; she doesn't drink milk, but she eats cheese. She's pretty strict
about not eating any flesh or animal foods. It's interesting because it
is nothing that I pushed for. Actually she's an incredibly healthy
eater. She will often choose fruit over a rich dessert. She's great and
I don't know where that came from because as I said, I didn't try to
indoctrinate her.
Share Guide: It's great that she made the choice by herself
to eat healthy, but many children do not. How do we combat fast food
ads and kid's urges for junk food?
Dr. Weil: That's tough. The commercial pressures are
really strong. I guess one thing I would say is to try to set the best
example you can. Another one is that I think it is important to get
kids involved in the food preparation from early ages. Most kids find
making food fascinating. If you can get them into it, it's a way of
getting them to appreciate good food. You have to realize that it is
tough. You are up against very strong pressure.
Share Guide: What do you do about a strong dessert urge?
Dr. Weil: What I personally do is since I love
chocolate, I often eat a piece of really good dark chocolate for
dessert, sometimes with fruit. Occasionally, I"ll buy a good quality
chocolate sorbet, such as Double Rainbow. That pretty much solves my
dessert cravings.
Share Guide: What about soy ice creams?
Dr. Weil: If I really want ice cream, I'd rather have
real ice cream, and I do that very rarely. It doesn't appeal to me as
much anymore; chocolate sorbet does it for me. I think it is fine once
in a while to have treats, as long as it isn't an everyday habit.
Share Guide: I have a few supplement questions for you. New
Chapter brand is one I have become quite involved with the last couple
of years. That's what I use. What do you think about the concept of
food-grown supplements being more assimilable?
Dr. Weil: Regarding supplements, I do think we need to
look at how well they are absorbed and how well our bodies can use
them. There are a lot of claims made about food-grown types. I don't
know that there is a whole lot of data backing up all those claims. In
general, I would think that the more that things are part of food
complexes, the better the body can use them. I am a fan of New Chapter
products. I think they are very good.
Share Guide: Do you take supplements yourself?
Dr. Weil: I do. I take New Chapter supplements.
Share Guide: Great, we both use the same food-grown
supplements. Many supplements go through fad status as the hot new
thing. In the book, Beyond Aspirin, Paul Schulick talks about a
supplement called Zyflamend, which inhibits the inflammation-producing
enzyme known as COX-2. It's supposed to be a natural alternative to
anti-inflammatories. What are your thoughts on this?
Dr. Weil: I recommend Zyflamend to a lot of patients
with inflammatory disorders. I think there's a lot of evidence that the
components of it--herbs like ginger and turmeric--do inhibit these
enzymes that promote inflammation, as well as hormones that do the
same. I think it is an area of very hot research.
Share Guide: But it is cutting-edge and a lot of this
really isn't clinically proven yet?
Dr. Weil: True.
Share Guide: I broke my wrist in my youth, and I think I
may have a pre-arthritic condition as a result, so I take Zyflamend.
Dr. Weil: That's fine. There may also be other benefits
of it because we're beginning to think that inflammation may be the
cause of many kinds of illnesses--including coronary heart disease and
Alzheimer's--so this supplement may have preventive effects for other
conditions as well.
Share Guide: Paul Schulick, the founder of New Chapter, has
also written a book about ginger, which led me to take the ginger
syrup. I use a teaspoon of that in my green tea every morning.
Dr. Weil: I take the ginger maple syrup myself.
Share Guide: What do you think about CO-Q10?
Dr. Weil: I take that myself. I think there is very good
evidence that it increases aerobic activity, it protects the heart and
is a very strong antioxidant. I think the medical evidence for that is
very strong.
Share Guide: What do you think about the supposed health
benefits of red wine?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think that there are two separate issues
here. One is the health effect of alcohol. I think the beneficial
effects people get from alcohol are how it affects relaxation. In our
culture a lot of people use alcohol as a way of neutralizing stress.
That's fine, but alcohol is toxic to the liver and nerves and if you
could find ways to relax other than that, it would probably be better.
However, there is medical evidence that alcohol has a beneficial effect
on good cholesterol and there aren't too many ways of manipulating good
cholesterol. Exercise is one, alcohol is one, and pharmaceutical drugs.
Beyond that, if red wine has special properties different from white
wine or other forms of alcohol, it's probably due to the red pigments.
Those you can get equally well from red grape juice and other red and
purple fruits. I certainly don't object to people drinking wine. If
they do, I urge them to do it moderately and not all the time. I think
that wine has a lot of stuff in it, like additives--it's not a clean
source of alcohol. Generally, I recommend getting organic wine to
minimize consumption of those other substances.
Share Guide: A lot of people in my generation have
experience smoking marijuana (but not tobacco). I am wondering what you
think about this.
Dr. Andrew Weil: It depends on the frequency. I think it is
important to realize that smoking anything, and certainly marijuana,
exposes the lungs to irritation. There is some evidence that marijuana
is more irritating than tobacco smoke. On the other hand, very few
marijuana smokers inhale as much smoke as the average tobacco smoker
does. It is certainly possible to develop lung irritation, chronic
cough and increased risk of lung cancer from just being a marijuana
smoker. I think the real issue is how many people are doing that.
Share Guide: It's possible to use a water pipe to limit
irritation.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Even better are these devices that aren't
widely available yet, called vaporizers, that heat marijuana so that
you just inhale the vapors and not the smoke. Also New Chapter has a
new product called Smoke Shield, which is a formulation designed to
help the body neutralize the most harmful components of smoke.
Share Guide: Which is going to help, no matter what you are
smoking.
[Stop
smoking naturally: read product review ]
Dr. Andrew Weil: Exactly, or if you are exposed to second hand
smoke.
Share Guide: How do you feel about de-tox herbs? Any
particular things you recommend?
Dr. Andrew Weil: The only one I have any faith in is milk
thistle, which revs up liver metabolism. The liver is the main organ of
detoxification. Other than that, the best way to detoxify is to stop
putting toxic things into the body and depend upon it's own mechanisms.
You can help by drinking plenty of water, by sweating, as in sauna or
steam baths, by eating a clean diet and by having regular bowel
movements. All those things work with the body's own machinery of
detoxification.
Share Guide: No matter how much you exercise, if you are
eating too much, then you are putting too much in that you have to
remove. So in this case it would be smoke less. Is milk thistle in
Smoke Shield?
Dr. Andrew Weil: That's a good question, I don't know. I think
mostly that it's turmeric and other antioxidants specifically shown to
break down or neutralize some of the carcinogenic elements of smoking.
Share Guide: A lot of people take an aspirin every day to
ward off heart attacks. What do you think of this?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I take two baby aspirins a day; I am a great
believer in aspirin. I think the benefits are very well documented.
It's not just prevention of heart attacks; it's also prevention of
colon cancer, esophageal cancer, and probably Alzheimer's disease.
Aspirin has wide-ranging effects.
Share Guide: Regarding organic foods, are there crops that
you think that we should avoid that are conventional, for example,
bananas and strawberries? I know that if you cannot eat everything
organic, some are worse.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Right, some are at the top of the list and
this is because of a chemical called methyl bromide that is still being
used in California, even though there has been a lot of effort to get
it out. It's a known cancer causer and can't be washed off. There is a
group in Washington, DC called the Environmental Working Group that
puts out periodically an updated list of the most contaminated crops.
The ones that are usually on it are spinach, string beans, celery,
peaches, apricots, cherries, Mexican cantaloupes, and grapes from
Chile. These are the ones that are most common. I also worry about
wheat, so I would prefer to get any products made with flour or wheat
from organic sources and I am concerned about potatoes. This seems like
a lot but it really isn't everything.
Share Guide: I eat as much organic produce as I can get,
but not everybody is thinking that way. I thought that imported
tropical produce such as mango, papaya and bananas had a lot of
pesticides.
Dr. Andrew Weil: I don't know. Information on the tropical
fruits is a little harder to get.
Share Guide: I know you are on the road a fair amount but
when you are home, do you do as much cooking yourself as you can?
Dr. Andrew Weil: If I am home alone, I always cook for myself.
I like preparing food, it relaxes me and I like having good food.
Share Guide: Several books recommend eating a single
serving of meat or other protein that is the "size of your fist." I
wonder if this is effective in weight loss because it's simply a lot
smaller portion than many people normally eat.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Absolutely, especially when people eat out a
lot. The portion sizes in restaurants are just astonishing these days.
Having little rules like that, such as the size of a playing card deck,
are good rules to have.
Share Guide: How do you feel about microwaves? I've heard
they are not that healthy to use.
Dr. Andrew Weil: I use a microwave to defrost or to rapidly
heat things. I don't use it for cooking.
Share Guide: What about something like heating up leftovers
at lunch?
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yes, I would use a microwave for that.
Share Guide: To prevent food from drying out in the
microwave, we put wax paper over the plate. Is this harmful?
Dr. Andrew Weil: No, that's fine. Plastic wrap is dangerous
because it can draw the plastic molecules into the food. Wax paper is
okay.
Share Guide: Are there any particular thoughts you'd like
to mention about your upcoming cookbook The Healthy Kitchen?
Dr. Andrew Weil: The point of the book is to try to get people
back into the kitchen and combat the trend toward processed food and
fast food. I want to show people that it's not only easy but fun to
make food that is healthy and delicious.
Share Guide: Are there problems with canola and safflower
oils?
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yes, safflower oil is too unsaturated, and
it's too chemically unstable, so it's not a good one to eat. The
unsaturated oils promote inflammation and cancer and there is no need
to use them. I use a little canola oil, but my concerns about canola
oil is that although it's largely mono-unsaturated like olive oil, you
don't have the epidemiological data for it that we do for olive oil.
(That it's a healthy thing to eat.) Most commercial canola oil is heat
extracted which damages it, plus the crop is sprayed with pesticides.
So if you are going to use canola oil, you want it to be organic
expeller pressed canola oil from the health food store.
Share Guide: A lot of people try to stay away completely
from sugar and carbohydrates, but we are not talking about just
conventional candy bars. In your book you pointed out that a person
needs carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yes, in the right proportions and the right
kinds.
Share Guide: Here is something I may be doing wrong. I tend
to get trail mix, which is roasted or cooked, seasoned with tamari, not
salt. But I think in your book you said that nuts can oxidize.
Dr. Andrew Weil: The main thing about that is that you need to
smell it before you eat it to see if there is any hint of rancidity
about it. It's probably fine if it smells fresh--and keep it in the
refrigerator.
Share Guide: I read that you actually cook your own nuts
and seeds, so you aren't out there buying cooked trail mix yourself.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Right, except if I was going on a hike and
stopped at a store and was going to eat it up pretty quickly.
Share Guide: What are the problems with regular mayonnaise
and salad dressing?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think the main problem is the quality of oil
that goes into them. If you make olive oil vinaigrette at home, not
only does it usually taste better, but also you are getting much higher
quality oil. Most of the prepared salad dressings have polyunsaturated
oils or cheaper oils like soy oil. Mayonnaise is the same thing, so I
would recommend getting a health food store variety of mayonnaise or
make it yourself, which is pretty easy to do.
Share Guide: We have something in our refrigerator that I
think should be in the trash, which is a supermarket brand Fat Free
Mayonnaise.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yeah, I'd put it in the trash. If you look at
it you will find what is wrong with the ingredients. It's right there
on the label.
Share Guide: Do you recommend the soy-based variety, which
is mayonnaise-like but it's got more essential fatty acids?
Dr. Andrew Weil: Yes. It doesn't have a lot of the additives.
Share Guide: When I interviewed Jack LaLanne recently, he
talked about his new power juicer. He said that it is strong enough to
grind up the seeds in an apple, so that you can use the whole apple. Do
you think this is okay?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I don't know how good that is. Apple seeds are
toxic. They contain a relative of cyanide. They don't taste good.
Personally I wouldn't want to eat an apple seed.
Share Guide: How do you feel about colonics?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I think if people like them, fine, but I don't
think that there is any real need to do them. I think the best way to
clean your colon is by doing it naturally--by eating a diet that is
high in fiber, drinking plenty of water and getting enough exercise.
This keeps your intestines pretty regular.
Share Guide:: I used to do a group of two or three colonics
once a year, in spring and summer while the weather is warm. I did that
for about 10 years. Then I heard through your work that it isn't
something you advocate if a person is healthy.
Dr. Andrew Weil: Exactly. Do it only when necessary. I am not
going to tell people not to do them if they like them, but I don't
think there is any need for them.
Share Guide: Do you still have a private practice and see
patients?
Dr. Andrew Weil: I see some patients myself and I am involved
in the development of their treatment plans. I also supervise The
Integrative Medical Clinic at the University of Arizona, so I meet all
the patients coming through there.
Share Guide: Since you are so busy, why do you take time to
maintain a private practice?
Dr. Andrew Weil: By keeping my hand in that, it's the way I
keep learning. The main way you learn in medicine is by practicing and
working with patients.
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